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STEELS

The prosesses developed for molding plastics and the different processing properties of plastics lead to different types of stresses,which must be taken into consideration not only in the contruction but also in the selection of materials requered for mold.As a material,steel has ideal qualifications,since its properties can be modified by alloying elements,by special production processes and by heatreatment and can be adjusted to various stresses,Moreover,the possibility exists of employing surface treatments to add to the already advantageous properties of the steels and,in so doingfilfil the requeirements for a long service life and an economical manufacture.

The most important requirement,which the material for contruction of mold must meet,are hight compression strength at the processing temperatures of the plastics,wear resistance,especially in regard to the increasing use of fillers,adequate toughness,possiblly also additional corrosion resistance,and finally,good thermal conductivity.In addition,so that the molds may be manufactured economically,the mold maker experts good machinability abd,in certain cases,also cold hobbing capabilities,dimensional stability during heat treatment,which generally is necessary,good polishing properties,and,in certain cases,also possibility of texturing the surface without difficulties.Finally,the material for the contruction of mold,which is required for the different stresses,should be available at short notice.a requirement that demands a standardizations of dimensions and universally usable types of steel.





SELECTION OF THE STEEL


Considering the various stresses to which the material for contruction of mold is exposed and the requirements it is expexted to meet,it is understandarable that not all conditions can be fulfilled which one grade of steel,The experience of many years and the close cooperation between steel producers and consumers have led to the development of mold steel,which can be divided into the following groups;

+ Case hardening steels
+ Nitriding steels
+ Quenched and tempered tool steels
+ Fully hardening steels
+ Corrosion resistant steelsl
+ Maraging steels
+ Hard material alloy

The following description of these groups of steels is intended to help selection of the correct steel.




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